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Line marking application in a car park

A car park line pleases everyone on the day it is applied. The real question arises six months later: is the line still legible, are its edges sharp, has it disappeared among the tyre marks? What makes that difference is not the colour of the paint but how well it was chosen to suit the floor type, the traffic and the application conditions.

In this article we address the choice of line paint on three axes: compatibility with the floor, traffic intensity and the application windowWe then move on to planning, slip resistance and maintenance.

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A line paint must be a relative of the coating beneath it. When acrylic is applied to an epoxy floor, or a paint with aggressive solvents to an acrylic floor, the problem arises not from the quality of the paint but from the incompatibility.

Ahmet Toka, General Manager

Identify the Floor First

The first question in choosing a line paint should not be "which paint is good?" but "what is underneath?". The floor type directly determines which product family can be used.

  • Asphalt: Some solvent-borne paints soften the bitumen and cause staining. Water-based acrylic or thermoplastic is suitable.
  • Bare concrete: It can be absorbent and dusty. Primer or products with high penetration are required; the surface must be cleaned mechanically.
  • Epoxy-coated floor: This is a sealed, smooth surface. The line paint must be chosen from the same resin family (epoxy or polyurethane) and the surface lightly abraded if necessary.
  • Polyurethane-coated floor: A polyurethane-based line paint is preferred; an incompatible product can soften the layer beneath.
  • Printed concrete / sealed surface: The sealer layer prevents adhesion; local abrasion or a suitable primer is required.

For floor systems as a whole see floor coating applications page.

Three Main Product Families

CriterionAcrylic (water-based)Epoxy / polyurethaneThermoplastic
Drying / opening to trafficFastSlow (curing required)Very fast
Abrasion resistanceMediumHighVery high
Chemical resistanceLowHighMedium
Coating compatibilityConcrete, asphaltResin-coated floorsAsphalt, concrete (primed)
Edge sharpnessGoodVery goodGood
EquipmentSimpleSimpleHeated kettle
Unit costLowMediumHigh

The practical rule: epoxy/polyurethane in an enclosed car park, acrylic in open areas and on asphalt, thermoplastic on heavily trafficked routes and pedestrian crossingsFor details see car park road markings and thermoplastic paint pages.

Planning: What to Think About Before the Lines

Good marking is resolved on paper before any painting. Changing it after painting is both costly and leaves marks on the floor.

  • Parking bay dimensions: Determined taking vehicle sizes and manoeuvring space into account. A car park planned too tight produces door dings and customer complaints.
  • Traffic flow: One-way or two-way; is there a conflict between entry and exit? Arrow markings are placed accordingly.
  • Pedestrian routes: From lift and stair exits to the vehicle routes, they must be planned continuously and with colour separation.
  • Special bays: Accessible, electric vehicle, family, visitor and service bays are positioned together with their symbols.
  • Numbering: Level and column numbers allow users to find their car; for details see wall and column painting and numbering.
  • Matching the signage: The markings on the floor and the wayfinding signs must tell the same story; a contradiction creates confusion.

Details That Determine the Quality of the Work

  1. Surface cleanliness. Dust, grit and rubber residue directly reduce adhesion. Sweeping and, if necessary, pressure washing are carried out; after washing, the surface must be completely dry.
  2. Oil stains. The most common enemy of adhesion in a car park; they must be treated with a special cleaner and removed mechanically if necessary.
  3. Setting out and masking. A sharp edge is achieved through the quality of the tape and removing it at the right moment. The tape is removed before the paint has dried completely; tape removed after drying tears the edge.
  4. Thickness control. A line applied too thinly wears quickly; a line applied too thickly blisters and lifts at the edge. Consumption should be measured.
  5. Curing time. With epoxy and polyurethane systems the time before opening to vehicle traffic is longer than for pedestrian traffic. A line opened too early picks up tyre marks and deforms.
  6. Ambient conditions. At low temperature and high humidity curing does not complete; ventilation must be planned in an enclosed car park.

Slip Resistance and Maintenance

Line paints create a surface smoother than the floor. When wet, this creates a slip risk, particularly on large painted areas such as ramps and pedestrian crossings. Adding anti-slip aggregate to the paint in these areas is necessary for safety.

On the maintenance side, the most practical approach is to establish a regular inspection rhythm. Wear is not equal everywhere: entry and exit mouths, ramps, turning points and pedestrian crossings wear far faster than other areas. Reviewing these points once a year and carrying out spot renewal postpones the need to renew the whole car park at once.

During renewal the condition of the old layer must be assessed. Renewal can be carried out over a sound, thin layer; layers that have built up thickly and blistered must be removed. Otherwise the new paint will lift together with the old layer. For traffic marking as a whole see traffic signs and markings page.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should car park markings be renewed?

It depends on intensity of use. In a heavily used shopping centre car park, the entry mouths and ramps wear far sooner than the flat parking areas. The general approach is to carry out a visual inspection once a year and apply spot renewal only in the areas that have worn.

Can acrylic line paint be used on an epoxy floor?

It is not recommended. Acrylic paint cannot key sufficiently to a sealed, smooth epoxy surface and lifts along with the tyre marks. On these surfaces an epoxy- or polyurethane-based line paint should be used and the surface lightly abraded if necessary.

How many hours does line paint take to dry?

Acrylic systems can be opened to pedestrian traffic within a short time. Epoxy and polyurethane systems require curing; the time before opening to vehicle traffic is markedly longer. Thermoplastic, on the other hand, can be opened to traffic within minutes of cooling.

Can lines be marked on new asphalt straight away?

A short waiting period is recommended. Work carried out before the volatile components at the surface of newly laid asphalt have fully dispersed can suffer adhesion problems and staining. The waiting period is determined by the asphalt type and the weather conditions.

How are old lines removed?

Milling, grinding, high-pressure water jetting or sand blasting are used. The method must be chosen so as not to damage the floor beneath. In some cases, instead of removing them completely, covering them in the colour of the floor is preferred; however, this can leave a mark under certain lighting.

Are there special rules for marking accessible parking bays?

Yes; the dimensions, position and use of the symbol are defined by regulation. These bays must also be close to the entrance, have generous manoeuvring space and connect to an access route. Compliance is a matter of positioning as well as paint.

Get Expert Advice for Your Project

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Ahmet Toka

General Manager — Likit İzolasyon

Over 25 years of field experience in waterproofing, floor coatings and structural strengthening. This article is based on applications encountered on site and the standards currently in force.

Tags:
  • #CarParkMarking
  • #LineMarking
  • #Marking
  • #TrafficSafety
  • #CarPark
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