The Repair of Cracks
The repair of cracks is an important process for increasing the durability of a structure and restoring its appearance. However, crack repair is not merely a surface operation. The underlying cause of cracks may be a force acting on the structure or an inadequacy in strength. For this reason, before repairing cracks, the factors that led to them must be removed.
In general all cracks open and close in response to structural movement. Filling cracks with a flexible filler material can reduce the effect of this movement. For example, while materials such as expanded polystyrene can accommodate movement in cracks, more elastic materials (mastic sealant, for instance) give a more effective result in sealing them. Even so, repairing cracks may not entirely prevent new cracks forming in other parts of the structure. The repair process must therefore be planned carefully and carried out by specialists.
Advantages of Crack Repair:
Increased Durability: Increases durability by preserving structural integrity.
Attractive Appearance: Restores the appearance of surfaces by sealing cracks.
Use of Flexible Materials: Provides effective solutions in moving cracks with flexible filler materials.
Structural Safety: Improves structural safety by removing the underlying causes of cracks.
Long-Lasting Solution: Repairs carried out with the right materials and methods give long-lasting results.
The Crack Repair Process:
Damage Analysis: The factors causing the crack are identified and assessed.
Selection of Filler and Materials: A flexible filler material suited to the type and size of the crack is determined.
Application: The cracks are filled and sealed by an expert team using appropriate methods.
Inspection: The durability of the surface is tested after the repair and structural integrity is checked.
With its expert team and high-quality materials in crack repair services, Likit İzolasyon offers your buildings long-lasting and attractive solutions. Contact us to repair your cracks by professional methods.
Application Areas of Crack Repair
Structural cracks in reinforced concrete columns, beams and walls
Surface cracks caused by shrinkage in slabs and screeds
Cracks leaking water in basements and retaining walls
Cracks impairing watertightness in retaining walls and pools
Cracks spoiling the appearance of plaster and façade surfaces
Repair Methods According to the Type of Crack
Static (Dormant) Cracks — Epoxy Injection
Low-viscosity epoxy is injected into cracks that have finished developing and are not moving. When cured it reaches a higher strength than the concrete and restores the integrity of the section. This is the standard method of structural repair.
Moving (Live) Cracks — Elastic Systems
Rigid resin is not used in cracks that open and close because of temperature, vibration or changes in load; the crack opens again. Instead, elastic polyurethane injection is preferred, or the crack is formed into a joint and filled with an elastic sealant.
Cracks with Water Ingress — Polyurethane Foam
In cracks with active water leakage, polyurethane foam resins that react with water and expand are used. The water is stopped first; if structural repair is required, reinforcement with epoxy follows at a second stage.
The Application Process
1. Crack analysis: The width, depth, direction and movement condition are determined. If necessary an observation plate is placed over the crack to monitor movement.
2. Identifying the cause: A distinction is drawn between shrinkage, settlement, overloading, corrosion and thermal movement. A repair carried out without knowing the cause will not last.
3. Placing the packers: Holes are drilled at an angle that intersects the crack and mechanical packers are fitted.
4. Sealing the surface: The crack surface is sealed with rapid-setting mortar so that the resin does not flow out.
5. Injection and inspection: The resin is pumped in starting from the bottom; resin emerging from the adjacent packer indicates that the crack is full. After curing the packers are removed and the surface is made good.
Technical Notes and Standards
Injection products are classified under TS EN 1504-5, and use for structural bonding by TS EN 1504-4 .
Injecting epoxy into a crack with water ingress will fail; the water must first be stopped with polyurethane.
If the crack is moving, a rigid repair will crack again within a short time; the method must not be selected without measuring the movement.
Shrinkage cracks generally carry no structural risk, but they can accelerate corrosion by allowing water and carbon dioxide to enter.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which cracks are dangerous?
Cracks that run along the line of the reinforcement, that appear together with rust staining, that widen over time, or that appear diagonally in the shear zone of an element require attention. Fine, scattered surface cracks are generally caused by shrinkage and carry no structural risk.
How can you tell whether a crack is moving?
A glass or plaster plate is placed over the crack and observed at intervals; if the plate breaks, there is movement. For more precise measurement, crack gauges or dial gauges are used. The observation period should span a change of season.
Does the crack close up after injection?
A visible mark may remain on the surface, but the void in the crack is filled with resin and the integrity of the section is restored. In epoxy injection the joint is no weaker than the surrounding concrete. If appearance matters, the surface is finished separately.
Isn't it enough just to cover it with plaster?
No. Plaster only hides the appearance; if the crack is still active it will show through the plaster within a short time. In addition, because water and carbon dioxide ingress is not prevented, corrosion of the reinforcement continues to progress.